El presente estudio muestra cómo un enfoque de investigación acción aborda la enseñanza explícita de lenguaje formulaico en estudiantes de 8vo básico y su efecto en el uso de éste en la escritura de textos narrativos en Inglés. El proceso de intervención fue realizado en un colegio privado en Chile. Los datos fueron obtenidos a partir de un grupo de 23 participantes siguiendo una metodología de investigación-acción que permitió recolectar y analizar información obtenida a través de textos escritos por los (...) participantes en inglés y, a su vez, conocer su percepción sobre las diferentes estrategias implementadas y sobre su propia habilidad para usar estas expresiones. La innovación pedagógica, a partir de la cual se reflexionó tomando en cuenta perspectivas teóricas y pedagógicas, indicaron un efecto favorable en relación al uso de expresiones formulaicas en la habilidad de escritura. De igual manera, la opinión de los estudiantes muestra percepciones favorables sobre las estrategias implementadas en clases. (shrink)

Andrés el Capellán: dialéctica y juego en el amor. Resumen de Tesis de doctorado en Filosofía de Nicolás José Martínez Sáez.

In Ecowomanism at the Panamá Canal: Black Women, Labor, and Environmental Ethics, Sofía Betancourt constructs environmental ethics at the intersection of the global North and global South. Betancourt explores transnational environmental justice through the lived experience of women from the African Diaspora who migrated to Panamá to work on the Canal.

Background Victoria was the first Australian state to legalize voluntary assisted dying (elsewhere known as physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia). Some institutions indicated they would not participate in voluntary assisted dying. The Victorian government issued policy approaches for institutions to consider Objective To describe and analyse publicly available policy documents articulating an institutional objection to voluntary assisted dying in Victoria. Methods Policies were identified using a range of strategies, and those disclosing and discussing the nature of an institutional objection were thematically (...) analysed using the framework method. Results The study identified fifteen policies from nine policymakers and developed four themes: (1) extent of refusal to participate in VAD, (2) justification for refusal to provide VAD, (3) responding to requests for VAD, and (4) appeals to state-sanctioned regulatory mechanisms. While institutional objections were stated clearly, there was very little practical detail in most documents to enable patients to effectively navigate objections in practice. Conclusion This study demonstrates that despite having clear governance pathways developed by centralized bodies (namely, the Victorian government and Catholic Health Australia), many institutions’ public-facing policies do not reflect this guidance. Since VAD is contentious, laws governing institutional objection could provide greater clarity and regulatory force than policies alone to better balance the interests of patients and non-participating institutions. (shrink)

Situations are powerful: the evidence from experimental social psychology suggests that agents are hugely influenced by the situations they find themselves in, often without their knowing it. In our paper, we evaluate how situational factors affect our reasons-responsiveness, as conceived of by John Fischer and Mark Ravizza, and, through this, how they also affect moral responsibility. We argue that the situationist experiments suggest that situational factors impair, among other things, our moderate reasons-responsiveness, which is plausibly required for moral responsibility. However, (...) even though we argue that situational factors lower the degree of our reasons-responsiveness, we propose that agents remain moderately reasons-responsive to the degree required for moral responsibility. Nonetheless, those affected by situational factors are arguably less morally responsible than those who are not subject to similar situational factors. We further evaluate an understanding of reasons-responsiveness which relativizes reasons-responsiveness to agents’ circumstances. We argue that the situationist data do not warrant this kind of divergence from Fischer’s and Ravizza’s account. We conclude by discussing what situationist experiments tell us about our relationship to non-reasons. (shrink)

In this paper, I argue that some intentional actions are not triggered by proximal intentions; i.e. there are actions which are intentional, but lack relevant proximal intentions in their immediate causal history. More specifically, I first introduce various properties of intentions. I then argue that some actions (such as some spontaneous actions) are triggered by mental states which lack properties typically ascribed to intentions, yet these actions are still intentional. The view that all intentional actions are triggered by proximal intentions (...) is thus false. (shrink)

ObjectiveTo increase knowledge of how doctors perceive futile treatments and scarcity of resources at the end of life. In particular, their perceptions about whether and how resource limitations influence end-of-life decision making. This study builds on previous work that found some doctors include resource limitations in their understanding of the concept of futility.SettingThree tertiary hospitals in metropolitan Brisbane, Australia.DesignQualitative study using in-depth, semistructured, face-to-face interviews. Ninety-six doctors were interviewed in 11 medical specialties. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using thematic (...) analysis.ResultsDoctors’ perceptions of whether resource limitations were relevant to their practice varied, and doctors were more comfortable with explicit rather than implicit rationing. Several doctors incorporated resource limitations into their definition of futility. For some, availability of resources was one factor of many in assessing futility, secondary to patient considerations, but a few doctors indicated that the concept of futility concealed rationing. Doctors experienced moral distress due to the resource implications of providing futile treatment and the lack of administrative supports for bedside rationing.ConclusionsDoctors’ ability to distinguish between futility and rationing would be enhanced through regulatory support for explicit rationing and strategies to support doctors’ role in rationing at the bedside. Medical policies should address the distinction between resource limitations and futility to promote legitimacy in end-of-life decision making. (shrink)

Much of the commentary in the wake of the Charlie Gard litigation was aimed at apparent shortcomings of the law. These include concerns about the perceived inability of the law to consider resourcing issues, the vagueness of the best interests test and the delays and costs of having disputes about potentially life-sustaining medical treatment resolved by the courts. These concerns are perennial ones that arise in response to difficult cases. Despite their persistence, we argue that many of these criticisms are (...) unfounded. The first part of this paper sets out the basic legal framework that operates when parents seek potentially life-sustaining treatment that doctors believe is against a child’s best interests, and describes the criticisms of that framework. The second part of the paper suggests an alternative approach that would give decision-making power to parents, and remove doctors’ ability to unilaterally withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment that they regard is futile. This proposal is grounded in several values that we argue should guide these regulatory choices. We also contend that the best interests test is justifiable and since the courts show no sign of departing from it, the focus should be on how to better elucidate the underlying values driving decisions. We discuss the advantages of our proposed approach and how it would address some of the criticisms aimed at the law. Finally, we defend the current role that the judiciary plays, as an independent state-sanctioned process with a precedent-setting function. (shrink)

Situationism is, roughly, the thesis that normatively irrelevant environmental factors have a great impact on our behaviour without our being aware of this influence. Surprisingly, there has been little work done on the connection between situationism and moral luck. Given that it is often a matter of luck what situations we find ourselves in, and that we are greatly influenced by the circumstances we face, it seems also to be a matter of luck whether we are blameworthy or praiseworthy for (...) our actions in those circumstances. We argue that such situationist moral luck, as a variety of circumstantial moral luck, exemplifies a distinct and interesting type of moral luck. Further, there is a case to be made that situationist moral luck is perhaps more worrying than some other well-discussed cases of moral luck. (shrink)

The central thesis developed in this paper is that sexual violence is a possibility founded in the — historical — constitutive conditions of the female body, which means that sexual violence against women is possible because of the availability of their bodies. The availability of the female body as a condition for rape is established in three principal moments: 1) The historical and spiritual determination of the subjective female identity as founded in the materiality of her own body —or her (...) reproductive specificity—. 2) The socially ambiguous configuration of the «femenine-I can» derived from the reproduction/sensuality difference; and, 3) The sexual rape as a reassertion of the gender availability in such a way that the rape sexualizes the gender as vulnerable, establishing or adding a wrapping meaning of feminity as something vulnerable. Being an other-body is being, originally, an available body, violable in essence, sexually vulnerable. (shrink)

This study analyses the performance and market timing of US socially responsible (SR) mutual funds in relation to business cycle regime shifts and different grouping criteria: Ethical strategy focus, SR attributes scores and Morningstar category. Different methodologies are applied and results highlight the importance of considering specific benchmarks related to the investment style in evaluating the SR fund performance. Our results show that, in aggregate, the abnormal performance of SR funds is negative and significant in expansion periods, but no significant (...) differences are found in recession periods. When specific benchmarks are considered, performance improves in recession periods, particularly for environmental funds, those with high SR attributes scores, and funds from the nine Morningstar style box categories. Market timing of SR funds takes positive values and is partially significant. Previous evidence of negative timing after a recent financial crisis vanishes when specific benchmarks are considered. For comparative purposes the performance of conventional US mutual funds is also analysed. There are no significant differences between the performance of SR and conventional mutual funds when a fair comparison is made within the same style categories. When all the SR funds are considered, they underperform conventional funds in expansion sub‐periods, but in recession sub‐periods they perform better, although the differences observed are not significant. (shrink)

Libet’s timing experiments have resulted in some strong and unsavoury claims about human agency. These range from the idea that conscious intentions are epiphenomenal to the idea that we all lack free will. In this paper, I propose a new type of response to the various sceptical conclusions about our agency occasioned by both Libet’s work and other experiments in this testing paradigm. Indeed, my argument extends to such conclusions drawn from fMRI-based prediction experiments. In what follows, I will provide (...) a brief description of these experiments, sketch arguments one may be tempted to draw on their basis, and argue that such arguments rely on a questionable premise: that experimental subjects have relevant proximal intentions. (shrink)

Os heróis japoneses estão cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano brasileiro, influenciando o público infanto-juvenil e pré-adolescente. O animê ganhou força na década de 60 através de Osamu Tezuka. Os personagens são orientais, mas a narrativa é construída a partir da cultura pop. Hoje a preocupação se volta para Bey Blade -desenho atuante no inconsciente, colocando a razão em último plano, prevalecendo a alienação e a exclusão social.

In this paper I set out to investigate the claim that addicts lack su cient control over their drug-taking and are thus not morally responsible for it. More speci cally, I evaluate what I call the Simply Irresistible Argument, which proceeds from the claim that addictive desires are irresistible to the conclusion that addicts are not responsible for acting on such desires. I rst propose that we have to disambiguate the notion of an irresistible desire according to temporal criteria, and (...) revise the original argument accordingly in two di erent ways; one involving proximally irresistible desires and one involving permanently irresistible desires. I propose that both versions of the Simply Irresistible Argument fail, and, as a result, that considerations about irresistible desires and control cannot extricate addicts from responsibility for their drug-taking. (shrink)

Byzantium and Modernism -- The Slash (/) as Method -- CODA.

The sustainable development of each society depends increasingly on the organization of scienti c activity and research. To over- come several de ciencies found in this respect, we conceived and implemented an improvement strategy for the epistemological update of healthcare professionals in which they increase their capacity to adapt to changes, to generate new knowledge and to systematically improve performance. Improvement in epistemological update aims to stimulate the relationships between disciplines, social actors and management functions as a way to optimize (...) the activity of management of research projects. According to the triangulation made, the strategy will be effective and can be reproduced. (shrink)

The recognition of a pattern of abstract marks as language is simultaneously obvious and undertheorized. Contemporary “asemic poetry” splits the recognition of language from its lexicality, providing an opportunity to consider this recognition directly. It reveals the necessary intervention of an “intentional function” that justifies considering markings as if they were encoded, i.e., as language. This essential moment of sign formation in written communication typically passes automatically without the need for consideration, but asemic poetry specifically allows meditation on that point (...) of transition, allowing the role of cultural knowledge to become apparent in its identification, as well as the Romantic heritage which rejects mechanical reproduction and automation. (shrink)

Canʹt touch this -- How sight is not touch -- The medium of sight -- The problem of tactility -- The commonalities of the senses -- Photios and the unfolding of perception -- Has the mind seen?: the language of effluxes -- Has it grasped?: apprehending the object -- Has it visualized?, I: the grasp of the imagination -- Has it visualized?, II: the problem of fantasy -- Then it has effortlessly...: judgment and assent -- Mediation, veneration, remediation -- Medium (...) and mediation -- Tactility and veneration -- Synaesthesia and remediation -- Tempted to touch. (shrink)

Desde que su mentor, Norberto Bobbio, le encargara la traducción de la segunda edición de la Teoría pura del derecho, la carrera de Mario G. Losano ha sido tan larga como polifacética. En esta entrevista, conversamos sobre su formación y sobre el contexto cultural que envolvió el inicio de su carrera académica en Italia. Posteriormente, nos centramos en dos de los principales temas de su producción académica. Por un lado, profundizamos en sus estudios kelsenianos, destacando el enfoque histórico que caracteriza (...) su aproximación a los problemas iusfilosóficos. Y, por otro lado, abordamos el asunto de los orígenes y el desarrollo de la informática jurídica, de la cual el profesor Losano ha sido un destacado precursor. (shrink)

Durante el decenio que Hans Kelsen ejerció como docente de Derecho Internacional en Colonia y Ginebra, entre 1930 y 1940, desarrolló un cuerpo teórico del Derecho Internacional con una marcada vocación pacifista. Ante los graves sucesos bélicos de la II Guerra Mundial, Kelsen clamó, desde su obra la necesidad de una profunda reforma de las instituciones internacionales para conseguir la paz mundial. En este artículo se trata de exponer algunos de los rasgos fundamentales de esa teoría del Derecho Internacional que (...) se encuentran en la base de una contundente propuesta pacifista, prestando especial atención a los conceptos de guerra, coacción y autotutela. (shrink)

Exposición realizada por la Doctora en Filosofía Marcela Rivera Hutinel, en el ciclo de conversaciones “Crítica a la Epidemiología Política. Prácticas y racionalidad neoliberales en tiempos de pandemia”, organizado por el equipo editorial de la Revista de Filosofía Otrosiglo, octubre – diciembre 2020. Disponible en Youtube, canal Revista Otrosiglo. Lecture by Marcela Rivrea Hutinel, Ph. D., in the cycle of conversations “Criticism to the Political Epidemiology. Neoliberal practices and rationality in times of pandemics”, event organized by the editorial (...) team of the Philosophy Magazine Otrosiglo, october – december 2020. Available on Youtbe, channel Revista Otrosiglo. (shrink)

As Heraclitus, Cioran conceives man as a being that possesses lógos and is ruled in his life by it in its multiple aspects. Man not only makes use of word; this word also shapes him and traverses him entirely. Word is the necessary and intrinsic expression of every human being, and, as a result, he cannot elude it. In many of his works, Cioran warns us about the dangers that lógos has for man: not to find his genuine expression in (...) the midst of so many words, and to fall into totalizing fictions that lead us to deception and indoctrination. For this reason, in the midst of this misfortune, Cioran even considers silence as the only possible way out. However, if man denies the mark of language by avoiding all forms of expression, the anguish that his own existence entails will end up destroying him. Paradoxically, Cioran finds that the expression of lógos is the only possible salvation for man from the clutches of death, and that is, why by expressing oneself through lógos, one's own unhappiness becomes a necessary condition of life. (shrink)

En las últimas décadas, se ha consolidado un campo de estudios alrededor de la expertise que articula enfoques y programas de investigación heterogéneos, según los modos de conceptualizar la relación entre ciencia y política, saber y poder, de fijar sus conexiones y de determinar el nivel del análisis para su abordaje. El corpus foucaulteano contiene herramientas analíticas fructíferas para el tratamiento sustantivo de la politicidad inherente a los saberes, al cuestionar las lecturas instrumentales de aquella relación e inscribir la actividad (...) especializada en estrategias de gobierno y en formas de resistencia hacia ellas. Sin embargo, las conceptualizaciones del saber experto desde una matriz foucaulteana registran cierta dispersión y, pese al avance de los estudios sobre gubernamentalidad en este aspecto, la ausencia de una reflexión sobre la categoría de expertise introduce el riesgo de que en estos análisis se establezca una cuestionable relación de coherencia y correspondencia entre saberes y racionalidades de gobierno. En este artículo, nos proponemos revisar el corpus foucaulteano y sistematizar otras claves de lectura sobre los saberes y su condición política, a fin de aportar con ello al campo de estudios sobre expertise. Examinamos la “hipótesis de la guerra”, mostramos su pulso en el ejercicio de saber y ponemos en juego estas coordenadas analíticas en un pequeño trabajo de archivo sobre una serie documental de textos de Hayek, a propósito de la articulación de la racionalidad neoliberal de gobierno. La conformación del corpus y el análisis de los textos se valieron, metodológicamente, de una traducción instrumental de tales coordenadas mediada por una perspectiva materialista del discurso. (shrink)

Este artigo é um recorte do projeto de pesquisa “Leitura de imagens no ensino de História: um estudo sobre mudanças e permanências nas prescrições, livro didático e representações culturais”. Ele apresenta uma análise, dentre as muitas possíveis, da condição leitora na obra Cuore, escrita por Edmondo De Amicis, traduzida para o português brasileiro com o título Coração. Centenário, o livro teve sua primeira edição publicada no ano de 1886, na Itália, e tornou-se um grande sucesso editorial, principalmente por ter sido (...) adotado nas escolas. Nesta investigação, foram analisados quatro exemplares publicados na metade do século XX no Brasil, com enfoque na materialidade da obra. Buscou-se identificar as relações entre as características de apresentação do livro, identificadas nas capas, nas ilustrações e na escolha da linguagem, com a prática de leitura. Esta investigação baseia-se nas considerações de Chartier sobre o livro escolar como objeto de circulação. Outros estudos fundamentais, que tratam da análise do projeto gráfico, da função da ilustração e da leitura enquanto prática social, são aqui apresentados e discutidos, respectivamente, a partir de Collaro, Camargo e Kleiman. Como método de análise, optou-se pelo estudo bibliográfico, pela busca e análise de diálogos informais sobre a experiência leitora da obra, e por pesquisa de campo em bibliotecas e hemerotecas. Em relação aos resultados, a presente investigação permitiu concluir que: o livro Coração circulou no Brasil, sobretudo na região nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul; a padronização dos exemplares no formato bolso do livro possibilitou acessar mais facilmente os seus destinatários, inclusive pelo valor de venda, possível graças ao investimento em altas tiragens para distribuição e circulação interna na Itália e também no exterior; o projeto editorial, no decorrer do tempo, reuniu aspectos visuais que dinamizam e promovem o estímulo à leitura; a prática de leitura do livro em voz alta, usada pelos professores na escola, foi força persuasiva à leitura e contribuiu à sensibilização dos alunos aos conteúdos dos contos presentes na obra. (shrink)

This article ana l yses the birth of some n e w female identities in Latin America, mar k e d b y strong cultural inn o v ation. The process of change has been w on b y political st r uggles that h a v e pe r mitted Latin American w omen to g ain some essential rights. More o v er the t e x t describes the compl e xity of syncretising all Lati n America, (...) but the common elements are more important than the di f ferences. H o w e v e r , accepting this d i v ersit y , the great inequality of basic essentials in the relationships be t w een w omen, is producing one v oice, one discourse and one common demand. F inal l y , it sh o ws the political contradictions in w hich contempora ry Latin America w omen l i v e, summoned to pa r ticipate, as mode r n w omen, in the institutions w hen these same institutions put them in positions of social, political and economic subordination. Despite these di f f iculties, it emphasises the political e xperiments that w omen are ca r r ying out to f ind a syncretism without eliminating cultural d i versit y. (shrink)

Este artículo regresa al clásico texto de Freud Das Unheimliche para tratar de exhibir la dimensión productiva y la perspectiva de futuro que le son inherentes. Para ello, se visitan las propuestas del artista Mike Kelley y del filósofo Giorgio Agamben que tratan de ilustrar plásticamente las características de esta noción. Se examinan, a continuación, las tesis freudianas sobre el manejo de los significantes en un marco de angustia unheimlich, esto es, de pérdida súbita de las referencias habituales. Se termina (...) defendiendo que es la apuesta de vanguardia del futurismo, de la que el texto de Freud sería epitafio, la que mejor permite exhibir la importancia crucial del término Unheimliche para la ontología psicoanalítica. (shrink)

In this article I try to understand the importance of the theatrum mundi metaphor for the configuration of the Modern Age. After a brief introduction on the idea of Modern Age, I study the distinction between ancient and modern from the perspective of the discovery of America, arguing that the idea of globe, embodied in cartography, determined the metaphor of the world as theater, affecting a wide range of disciplines, from astronomy to theology. Next, I show the geopolitical component of (...) the metaphor, linked to the idea of global empire, modern states and big cities. I dedicate a special section to show several melodramatic examples, mainly operatic, where the theatrum mundi metaphor reached a culminating point, linked to the European cities and their place in the world. Finally, I analyze the implications this metaphor had on the constitution of the philosophy of history, a discipline essentially linked to the Modern Age. (shrink)

In this paper the Augustinian concept of metonymy is analyzed through a commentary on de ciuitate Dei 11, 8 and other parallel texts as well as their survival in some grammatical texts produced in Visigothic Spain. This study demonstrates the enormous influence of Augustine's thought in these texts, either through an indirect tradition, or through direct reading of his writings.

This paper discusses the theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the use or non-use of expert-based information in policy-making. Special attention is paid to the Narrative Policy Framework introduced by Jones & McBeth in 2010. This theory of the policy process adopts a quantitative, structuralist and positivist approach to the study of policy narratives. The Narrative Policy Framework is useful for the analysis of the use of expert-based information to resolve so-called wicked problems, which are characterized by intense (...) value-based conflict between policy coalitions. The methodological approach of the Narrative Policy Framework is illustrated using the policy issue of mandatory vaccination. (shrink)

The thesis of situationism says that situational factors can exert a signi cant in uence on how we act, o en without us being consciously aware that we are so in uenced. In this paper, I examine how situational factors, or, more speci cally, our lack of conscious awareness of their in uence on our behavior, a ect di erent measures of control. I further examine how our control is a ected by the fact that situational factors also seem to (...) prevent us from becoming consciously aware of our reasons for action. I argue that such lack of conscious awareness decreases the degree of control that agents have. However, I propose that while being in uenced by situational factors in such ways may impair and diminish one’s control, it (typically) does not eradicate one’s control. I further argue that being in uenced by situational factors, in the way set out above, also decreases one’s degree of moral responsibility. (shrink)